Saturday, 23 August 2014
Saturday, August 23, 2014
Exposing the Truth
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Federation of Malaysia 16 September 1963
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Sabah
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‘Slight majority’ of East Malaysians want to secede, warns academic
There are growing calls by ordinary East Malaysians for Sarawak and Sabah to leave Malaysia as they feel that the 50-year-old federation has not benefitted them, a Sarawakian academic said today.
"If you have a frank discussion with ordinary Sarawakians and Sabahans, there will be a slight majority to want Sabah and Sarawak to leave Malaysia.
"They feel that since day one, the federal government has not treated Sabah and Sarawak as separate entities as had been promised since 1963," said Professor James Chin of Monash University Malaysia.
The elites of East Malaysia, both in the ruling parties and the opposition, are loath to sever the economic ties they have built with the Peninsula, he said.
Speaking at a forum organised by the Bar Council today, Chin claimed that although this was the voice of the grassroots, the chances of Sabah and Sarawak seceding from Malaysia were unlikely as political leaders and business elites would not support such a move.
Although they were still dissatisfied with Putrajaya's treatment, the elites, especially those in Barisan Nasional, would likely only demand more parliamentary share for Sabah and Sarawak.
"Sabah and Sarawak have different demographics and history and the ruling government has created fault lines in Sabah and Sarawak that did not exist before," said Chin, a political scientist.
Secession is considered treason under Malaysian law.
Chin made this claim during the question-and-answer session at the forum on electoral reform in Petaling Jaya.
He said the political elites of East Malaysia want one third of all seats in Parliament allocated to East Malaysia, which currently has a 25% share of all parliamentary seats.
"This was made known during the parliamentary select committee on electoral reform in 2011, where East Malaysian elected representatives came out with a consensus on their demands.
"The political elites don't want to secede. It's only the grassroots in Sabah and Sarawak." – February 16, 2014.
~ The Malaysian Insider
Saturday, August 23, 2014
18 Points
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20 Points
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Exposing the Truth
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Fact
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News
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Sabah
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Sarawak
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‘Federation of Malaysia 1963 does not exist’
Separation, not Pakatan Rakyat, is the answer for Sabah, Sarawak woes within the federation, says activist Daniel John Jambun
KOTA KINABALU: The opposition’s stand that it is better for Sabah and Sarawak to vote BN out rather than secede from the federation is purile, claims activist Daniel John Jambun.
“The people of Sabah, Sarawak and Malaya have long lost their sovereignty to an apartheid-style set up in Putrajaya.
“As in Thailand, it’s not possible to change the government through the electoral system because of this loss of sovereignty.
“What exists is the Federation of Malaya 1957 masquerading as the Federation of Malaysia 1963,” said Jambun.
Jambun pointed out that Article 1 of the Federal Constitution stated that the Federation will be known in Malay and English as Malaysia.
Article 160 of the Federal Constitution however defines Federation as that set up by the Federation of Malaya Agreement 1957.
“Article 2 further states that Sabah and Sarawak are the 12th and 13th states in the Federation.
“The first 11 states are the States of Malaya. So, it cannot be suddenly said that Sabah and Sarawak are the 12th and 13th states in Malaysia.
“This means the Federation of Malaysia 1963 does not exist,” he said.
No referendums
Jambun was responding to comments from both constitutional lawyer Aziz Bari and Monash university professor James Chin.
He said while Aziz was barking up the wrong tree on Sabah and Sarawak re-thinking the idea of Malaysia after 50 years, Chin was also wrong to label separation attempts in Borneo as treason.
“When the two Borneo nations were dragged into the Federation with Malaya, the Conference of Rulers, the Sultans and the states in Malaya were not consulted.
“Why must Sabah, Sarawak go through the Conference of Rulers now that they want to stand on their own two feet?” he asked adding that no referendum was called before the Malayans and British dragged Borneo into the Federation.
He cited principles in the Western Sahara Case Advisory Opinion ICJ Reports (1975) 12 which supported Sabah and Sarawak going their own way.
He said the principles include (a) a unique cultural or ethic group; (b) a defined geographic area; (c) the will to emerge as a free state; (d) the will to self-determine governance independently; (e) attempts to assert the aforesaid wills.
“A reading of this case is a good start as well as the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Territories and Peoples, General Assembly Resolution (XV) of December 14, 1960 GAOR, 15th Sess, Supp 16 at p 66.
“Whether it’s easy or otherwise for Sabah and Sarawak to leave the Federation is beside the point.
“We have to consider the exact nature and actual circumstances surrounding the British departure from Sabah and Sarawak in the wake of the independence of these two countries on 31 Aug, 1963 and 22 July, 1963 respectively,” he said in a statement here.
Pre-meditated move
Jambun went on to add that the disturbing contents of declassified British colonial documents made it clear that the British were convinced that Malaya would colonize Sabah and Sarawak after their departure.
“These revelations and facts clearly demonstrate that the UK Government abandoned Sabah and Sarawak, inadvertently or otherwise, to Malayan colonialism on or before 16 Sept, 1963.
“The British disguised it as a coming together of parts of the empire in the wake of decolonization although they knew Malaya would colonize Sabah and Sarawak after they left,” he said.
Jambun in actuality the strategy was the Singapore and Malaya getting together in the wake of the occupation of Sabah and Sarawak by the latter to “facilitate” the Singapore-Malaya merger.
“Malaya ostensibly would not ‘agree’ to the merger unless Sabah and Sarawak were part of the 1963 Federation to offset the large Chinese population in Singapore.
“After Malaya got Sabah and Sarawak, it kicked out Singapore from the Federation two years later.
“But the Borneo nations were not allowed to leave.. why? he asked.
According to Jambun it was clear that then prime minister Tunku Abdul Rahman had used the 1963 Singapore-Malaysia merger as an excuse to get Sabah and Sarawak in as colonies.
“Having got his hands on the two Borneo Nations, he lost no time within two years to kick out Singapore to pave the way for apartheid a’la ketuanan Melayu.
“Why (else) did the British force the Rajah of Sarawak to cede his kingdom to the colonial office in London and “buy” Sabah for 1.2 million sterling pounds from the British North Borneo Company.
“Both were done in the wake of World War II, if not to unwittingly or otherwise myopically facilitate Malayan colonization in shouldering the defence burden in the interests of Britain’s commercial empire in Borneo.
“The no compliance on the Malaysia Agreement (by Putrajaya) stemmed from the fact that there was no proper decolonization in Borneo and that Malaysia at the time was not properly set up by the British Government in particular and the UN in general,” he said.
Source: http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/02/18/federation-of-malaysia-1963-does-not-exist/
“The people of Sabah, Sarawak and Malaya have long lost their sovereignty to an apartheid-style set up in Putrajaya.
“As in Thailand, it’s not possible to change the government through the electoral system because of this loss of sovereignty.
“What exists is the Federation of Malaya 1957 masquerading as the Federation of Malaysia 1963,” said Jambun.
Jambun pointed out that Article 1 of the Federal Constitution stated that the Federation will be known in Malay and English as Malaysia.
Article 160 of the Federal Constitution however defines Federation as that set up by the Federation of Malaya Agreement 1957.
“Article 2 further states that Sabah and Sarawak are the 12th and 13th states in the Federation.
“The first 11 states are the States of Malaya. So, it cannot be suddenly said that Sabah and Sarawak are the 12th and 13th states in Malaysia.
“This means the Federation of Malaysia 1963 does not exist,” he said.
No referendums
Jambun was responding to comments from both constitutional lawyer Aziz Bari and Monash university professor James Chin.
He said while Aziz was barking up the wrong tree on Sabah and Sarawak re-thinking the idea of Malaysia after 50 years, Chin was also wrong to label separation attempts in Borneo as treason.
“When the two Borneo nations were dragged into the Federation with Malaya, the Conference of Rulers, the Sultans and the states in Malaya were not consulted.
“Why must Sabah, Sarawak go through the Conference of Rulers now that they want to stand on their own two feet?” he asked adding that no referendum was called before the Malayans and British dragged Borneo into the Federation.
He cited principles in the Western Sahara Case Advisory Opinion ICJ Reports (1975) 12 which supported Sabah and Sarawak going their own way.
He said the principles include (a) a unique cultural or ethic group; (b) a defined geographic area; (c) the will to emerge as a free state; (d) the will to self-determine governance independently; (e) attempts to assert the aforesaid wills.
“A reading of this case is a good start as well as the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Territories and Peoples, General Assembly Resolution (XV) of December 14, 1960 GAOR, 15th Sess, Supp 16 at p 66.
“Whether it’s easy or otherwise for Sabah and Sarawak to leave the Federation is beside the point.
“We have to consider the exact nature and actual circumstances surrounding the British departure from Sabah and Sarawak in the wake of the independence of these two countries on 31 Aug, 1963 and 22 July, 1963 respectively,” he said in a statement here.
Pre-meditated move
Jambun went on to add that the disturbing contents of declassified British colonial documents made it clear that the British were convinced that Malaya would colonize Sabah and Sarawak after their departure.
“These revelations and facts clearly demonstrate that the UK Government abandoned Sabah and Sarawak, inadvertently or otherwise, to Malayan colonialism on or before 16 Sept, 1963.
“The British disguised it as a coming together of parts of the empire in the wake of decolonization although they knew Malaya would colonize Sabah and Sarawak after they left,” he said.
Jambun in actuality the strategy was the Singapore and Malaya getting together in the wake of the occupation of Sabah and Sarawak by the latter to “facilitate” the Singapore-Malaya merger.
“Malaya ostensibly would not ‘agree’ to the merger unless Sabah and Sarawak were part of the 1963 Federation to offset the large Chinese population in Singapore.
“After Malaya got Sabah and Sarawak, it kicked out Singapore from the Federation two years later.
“But the Borneo nations were not allowed to leave.. why? he asked.
According to Jambun it was clear that then prime minister Tunku Abdul Rahman had used the 1963 Singapore-Malaysia merger as an excuse to get Sabah and Sarawak in as colonies.
“Having got his hands on the two Borneo Nations, he lost no time within two years to kick out Singapore to pave the way for apartheid a’la ketuanan Melayu.
“Why (else) did the British force the Rajah of Sarawak to cede his kingdom to the colonial office in London and “buy” Sabah for 1.2 million sterling pounds from the British North Borneo Company.
“Both were done in the wake of World War II, if not to unwittingly or otherwise myopically facilitate Malayan colonization in shouldering the defence burden in the interests of Britain’s commercial empire in Borneo.
“The no compliance on the Malaysia Agreement (by Putrajaya) stemmed from the fact that there was no proper decolonization in Borneo and that Malaysia at the time was not properly set up by the British Government in particular and the UN in general,” he said.
Source: http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2014/02/18/federation-of-malaysia-1963-does-not-exist/
Saturday, August 23, 2014
18 Points
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20 Points
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Agreement of Malaysia
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Exposing the Truth
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Federation of Malaysia 16 September 1963
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Sabah
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Sarawak
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‘Sabah, Sarawak free to leave federation’
Zainal Ajamain
The issue of secession was not included in the IGC report because “any State voluntarily entering a federation had an intrinsic right to secede at will”.
The view put forth by a constitution expert and a former Law professor from the International Islamic University recently is arguable.
The professor claimed that Sabah and Sarawak cannot leave Malaysia because of Article 2 of the Malaysia Constitution.
Well this Article was never amended ever since it was written into the Constitution which means that this Article was there when Singapore was “expelled” as he claimed from Malaysia in 1965.
The same Article 2 is still present today in the Constitution, not amended what-so-ever.
The Kota Belud MP and federal minister asserted that talking about seceding from Malaysia is seditious under the Malaysia law and that Sabah and Sarawak cannot secede from Malaysia.
Let me state that anyone who wants to talk about the Malaysia Agreement 1963 without showing their own stupidity must at least read the following primer:
- The Cobbold Commission Report 1962
- The Inter-Government Committee Report (IGC) 1963
- The Malaysia Agreement 1963
There are two things that everyone must learn from the IGC. Firstly, the IGC is where five political parties from Sabah submitted their memorandum on the 29th August 1962.
Today this memorandum is commonly known as the 20 points. The 20 points is a memorandum and NOT an agreement as asserted by the Minister.
As a memorandum the 20 point document was submitted to the IGC for consideration by the committee members.
The IGC was headed by Lord Lansdowne the British Minister of State for Colonial Affairs.
Its tasks was “to work out the future constitutional arrangements, including safeguards for the special interest of North Borneo and Sarawak to cover such matters as religious freedom, education, representation in the Federal Parliament, the position of the indigenous races, control of immigration, citizenship and the State Constitution”.
Therefore, the 20 points memorandum was incorporated into the IGC report. The IGC report has 37 points and NOT just 20 points.
Secession is not seditious
Based on the above, the IGC report is the framework to formulate the Malaysia Agreement 1963.
The IGC is NOT the Malaysia Agreement 1963. It is just a report and accepted by the governments.
The IGC has similar function to the Reid Commission which drafted the Constitution for the Federation of Malaya. The IGC report was accepted and signed on Feb 27, 1963 by the United Kingdom, North Borneo, Federation of Malaya and Sarawak
Secondly, the 20 point memorandum submitted by the five political parties contain a secession clause which is point No. 7.
In this clause it was specified that there shall be no secession which means that Sabah cannot secede from Malaysia.
However, the issue of secession was not included in the IGC report.
The reason given by Lord Lansdowne was that “any State voluntarily entering a federation had an intrinsic right to secede at will, and that it was therefore unnecessary to include it in the Constitution”.
Basically what it means here is that Sabah and Sarawak is free to form Malaysia, it is also therefore free to leave.
Sabah and Sarawak does not need the approval of each of the states to leave. Sabah and Sarawak does not need the support of the Rulers Council to leave.
All Sabah and Sarawak need to do is to pass a resolution in their respective Dewan Undangan Negeri to leave and Sabah and Sarawak will become a sovereign nation.
I hope the above explanation is sufficient to clear any confusion about the content and usage of terms pertaining to the Malaysia Agreement 1963.
It is an embarrassment and shameful to see, read and hear Ministers, Professors and ordinary man in the street talking about the formation of Malaysia without them really knowing what the subjects is all about.
There is also nothing seditious about talk son secession. These are real issues based on the IGC, the Malaysia Agreement 1963 and after five decades of forming Malaysia.
These are options available to the people in Sabah and Sarawak and to avoid these discussions all the government needs to do is simply fulfill its obligations as per the agreement “nothing more, and nothing less”.
Saturday, August 23, 2014
18 Points
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20 Points
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Agreement of Malaysia
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Exposing the Truth
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Sabah
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Sarawak
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Sharing
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LIMITATIONS TO SUPREMACY OF MALAYSIA CONSTITUTION
The effort to deny Sabah and Sarawak rights permeates to all levels especially from those who come from Malaya. Chief Justice of Malaysia Tun Arifin bin Zakaria, in a book launching, “The Constitutional Rights of Sabah and Sarawak” which was written by a Sabah-based lawyer Sukumaran Venugopal of the Sabah Law Association said, “The Cobbold Commission Report which was published on August 1st, 1962 contains the unanimous conclusion that theFederation of Malaysia was in the best interest of Sabah and Sarawak”.
This unanimous conclusion made by this Chief Justice obviously refers to Lord Cobbold conclusion in the report where he says that 1/3 of the population supports the formation of Malaysia, 1/3 support but with the safeguards emplaced, and 1/3 did not agree. Therefore the British and Malaya government decided then that 2/3 of the people supported the idea of forming Malaysia. What they did not tell the public is that the people of Sabah and Sarawak are actually being cheated of their future.
If the learned Chief Justice has read the Cobbold Commission Report he would have known that the Cobbold Commission Report is a travesty of justice and would never have associated himself with it, unless he is upholding the truth.
The Cobbold Commission only met with 4,000 persons in some 960 groups which varied from 1 to 50 people. In addition the Commission also receives 2,200 letters and memoranda.
The population of Sabah and Sarawak then was 1.2 million. Therefore the Chief Justice using the word unanimous conclusion was actually in grave error. The 4,000 persons out of 1.2 million people reported who met with the Cobbold Commission was hardly a number that represents the people of Sabah and Sarawak. It was not even a good sample of the population.
It was reported in the local news that there were more than 7,000 people demonstrating in Kuching at SUPP headquarters who objected to the formation of Malaysia. These numbers of demonstrators in Kuching alone is more than enough to override the 4,000 people that Lord Cobbold claimed they met.
To the ordinary Sabahan and Sarawakian who are now educated, they can see that the formation of Malaysia is actually a SHAM, a design by the British for Malaya to colonize the Borneo States.
It is for this reason perhaps that most Malaysia Constitutional scholars tend to study the Reid Commission in analyzing the Malaysia Constitution instead of studying the Inter-Government Committee (IGC) Report and the Malaysia Agreement 1963.
The Malaysia Agreement 1963 is where the Malaysia Constitution (a Modified Constitution of the Federation of Malaya) was appended as Annex A. Failing to understand the safeguards and caveats in the IGC report and the subsequent Malaysia Agreement 1963 is perhaps the reason that many from Malaya did not understand that Sabah and Sarawak are NOT the same as the other states in the Federation of Malaya.
Many people perceive the Malaysia Constitution as Supreme; however not many people discuss, write or even understand that the Supremacy of the Malaysia Constitution is limited by the Safeguards and Caveats contained in the IGC and the Malaysia Agreement 1963. Even when amendments are made in the Malaysia Constitution and approved by a 2/3 majority in Parliament, these amendments shall not be affective in Sabah and Sarawak, provided that it is approved by the government of the Borneo States.
No new Enactments which touch the state rights as contained in Schedule 9 of the Malaysia Constitution can be enforced in Sabah and Sarawak unless it is approved by the governments of Sabah and Sarawak. These are issues that are often overlooked by Malaysia Constitutional Scholars and have wide ranging implications.
Take for example the Immigration Act 1959/63. This is Federal legislation enacted to control the movement of people and the powers are given in the Federal list in Schedule 9 of the Malaysia Constitution.
However, the IGC report is detailed in protecting the rights of the people in the Borneo States. As such the Immigration Act 1959/63 incorporates the powers of the Borneo states into the Act from Section 62 to Section 74 of that Act. In enforcing this law the Director of Immigration in Sabah and Sarawak has no recourse when directed by the “State Authority” to stop a particular type of people from being allowed to enter Sabah and Sarawak.
The fact that Article 5(1) of the Malaysia Constitution provides for free movements in the Federation has nothing to do with it. This is a clear example of limitation imposed on the Malaysia Constitution by the IGC and Malaysia Agreement 1963.
There are other examples that can be quoted, such as the power of the Borneo States over land and its mineral resources, and the Petroleum Development Act 1974 but this is discussion for another day.
ZainnalAjamain
ZainnalAjamain is an economist by profession, graduating with a Masters degree from the University of East Anglia. He has held several high ranking civil service positions in government and government think tanks and has worked as a university lecturer, senior researcher, stockbroker, and economist and published several papers in international media journals. He was the co-author behind the Sabah Government’s vision for development and progress in the Sabah Development Corridor and created the first Offshore Islamic Fund in Labuan. He also held the position of Senior Research Fellow in the Centre for Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems at the University Malaysia Sabah. He was the Co-Founder of the United Borneo Front (UBF) and a passionate activist to abolish the Cabotage Policy. He is also the Secretary General of a newly formed political party in Sabah.
Saturday, August 23, 2014
18 Points
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20 Points
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Agreement of Malaysia
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Constitutional
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Exposing the Truth
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Fact
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Federation of Malaysia 16 September 1963
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History
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Sabah
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Sarawak
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Memahami IGC dan Perjanjian Malaysia 1963
Masih terdapat kekeliruan di kalangan ahli akademik dan penyelidik profesional terutamanya mereka yang berasal dari Malaya ketika membuat kajian terhadap perspektif sejarah dan pembentukan Malaysia. Ini jelas melibatkan tajuk yang luas dan tidak adil untuk kertas ini dapat menerangkan setiap perkara yang terlibat. Oleh itu kertas ini akan cuba untuk menerangkan isu-isu asas yang berkaitan dan bertujuan mengurangkan kekeliruan diantara ahli akademik dan penyelidik khususnya yang datang dari Malaya. Kertas kerja ini di harapkan dapat dijadikan asas perbincangan kepada pembentukan Malaysia.
Untuk memahami pembentukan Malaysia dengan lebih baik, Dokumen British di Akhir Empire, Siri B Jilid 8 – MALAYSIA disunting oleh AJ Stockwell adalah buku yang wajib dibaca untuk setiap penyelidik yang serius. Selain buku ini laporan, rang undang-undang dan enakmen berikut juga mesti menjadi sebahagian daripada bahan-bahan penyelidikan.
- The Cobbold Commission Report 1962
- The Inter-Government Committee Report (IGC) 1963
- The Malaysia Agreement 1963
- The Malaysia Constitution both as a Bill in the Annex A of the Malaysia Agreement 1963 and the original version approved by Parliament.
Laporan Suruhanjaya Reid adalah bahan bacaan perlu untuk memahami asas penggubalan Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaya. Di sini wujud salah faham ketara para ahli akademik penyelidikan Perlembagaan khususnya penyelidik dari Malaya. Ini di sebabkan tidak ada perlembagaan baru digubal bagi Malaysia, Perlembagaan Malaysia dibuat berdasarkan Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaya namun diubah dengan menambah perlindungan dan kaveat terutamanya bagi Sabah, Sarawak dan Singapura sebagai pra-syarat bagi pembentukan Malaysia.
Salah faham oleh para ahli akademik dan penyelidik seperti ini, kini merebak ke domain awam dan ia perlu di perbetukan, sekiranya tidak, ini akan mewujudkan kekeliruan kepada para serjana Perlembagaan, Pengamal undang undang dan para pelajar undang undang di masa hadapan.
Dua pakar akademik dan penyelidik terkemuka di Malaysia ia itu bekas Profesor dari Universiti Islam Antarabangsa, Dr Abdul Aziz Bari yang juga Pakar Perlembagaan dan Dr Wong Chin Huat, felo di Institut Pulau Pinang dan pemikir kepada Kerajaan Negeri Pulau Pinang membuat tuntutan bahawa Sabah dan Sarawak tidak boleh menarik diri dari Malaysia berdasarkan Artikel 2 Perlembagaan Malaysia. Kenyataan mereka ini salah dan tidak berasas, ini kerana Perkara 2 Perlembagaan Malaysia menyatakan bahawa:
Perkara 2. Penerimaan masuk wilayah-wilayah baru ke dalam Persekutuan.
Parlimen boleh melalui undang-undang—
(a) menerima masuk Negeri-negeri lain ke dalam Persekutuan;
(b) mengubah sempadan mana-mana Negeri, tetapi undang-undang yang mengubah sempadan sesuatu Negeri tidak boleh diluluskan tanpa persetujuan Negeri itu (yang dinyatakan melalui undang-undang yang dibuat oleh Badan Perundangan Negeri itu) dan Majlis Raja-Raja.
Ekstrak diatas dari Perlembagaan Malaysia merupakan peruntukan untuk kemasukan negara/negeri ke dalam Persekutuan dan peruntukan untuk mengubah persempadanan. Perkara 2 Perlembagaan Malaysia tidak pun menyebut tentang pemisahan atau perkara untuk meninggalkan Persekutuan. Perlembagaan Malaysia tidak ada peruntukan tersurat atau tersirat untuk pemisahan mau pun meninggalkan Persekutuan. Bagaimana boleh pakar akademik dan penyelidik membuat rumusan seperti di atas?
Satu-satunya penjelasan yang munasabah kenapa Perlembagaan Malaysia tidak mempunyai fasal pemisahan telah diberikan oleh Lord Lansdowne Pengerusi Jawatankuasa Antara Kerajaan (Inter-Government Committee (IGC)) yang mempunyai tugas “untuk menyediakan perkiraan perlembagaan akan datang, termasuk perlindungan untuk kepentingan khas Borneo Utara dan Sarawak untuk menampung perkara-perkara seperti kebebasan beragama, pendidikan, perwakilan di Parlimen Persekutuan, kedudukan penduduk asli, kawalan imigresen, kewarganegaraan dan Perlembagaan Negeri”
Terdapat 2 perkara yang kita perlu sedar di sepanjang hayat kerja IGC ini.
Pertama, pada masa ini lah terdapat 5 parti-parti politik dari Sabah yang mengemukakan memorandum mereka pada 29 Ogos 1962 kepada Lord Lansdowne. Sekarang memorandum ini dikenali sebagai 20 Perkara. Terdapat salah faham diantara orang Sabah sendiri yang mengiktiraf 20 Perkara ini sebagai satu “perjanjian” atau asas Perjanjian Malaysia 1963. Dokumen ini bukan perjanjian atau asas perjanjian ia hanya satu memorandum yang diserahkan kepada Lord Lansdowne untuk pertimbangan beliau tidak lebih, tidak kurang. Sesiapa yang menyatakan Perkara 20 ini sebagai satu perjanjian atau asas perjanjian, mereka hanya bertujuan untuk mengelirukan orang ramai.
Kedua, peruntukan pemisahan tidak dimasukkan dalam laporan IGC atau pun Perlembagaan Malaysia, walaupun ia adalah salah satu perkara yang tersenarai dalam Perkara 20. Perkara 7 menyatakan:
Perkara 7: Tidak ada hak untuk menarik diri daripada Persekutuan
Perkara ini adalah bertentangan dengan semangat pembentukan Malaysia oleh kerana mengikut Perkara 20, Sabah dan Sarawak tidak boleh berpisah langsung daripada Persekutuan walaupun mereka diskriminasi dan ditindas.
Lord Lansdowne memberi alasan tidak memasukkan peruntukan pemisahan di dalam Perlembagaan Malaysia oleh kerana “mana-mana Negeri secara sukarela memasuki persekutuan mempunyai hak intrinsik untuk menarik diri, oleh itu tidak perlu untuk memasukkannya ke dalam Perlembagaan”. Apa yang dimaksudkan oleh Lord Lansdowne bahawa Sabah dan Sarawak adalah bebas apabila membentuk Malaysia oleh itu mereka juga bebas untuk meninggalkan Persekutuan.
Sabah dan Sarawak tidak memerlukan Perkara 2 Perlembagaan Malaysia untuk meninggalkan Persekutuan Malaysia; Sabah dan Sarawak tidak perlu mendapat persetujuan daripada setiap negeri-negeri di Persekutuan Malaya untuk keluar; Sabah dan Sarawak tidak perlu persetujuan Majlis Raja-Raja untuk meninggalkan Malaysia. Apa yang Sabah dan Sarawak perlu lakukan ialah untuk meluluskan satu resolusi dalam Dewan Undangan Negeri masing masing untuk meninggalkan Malaysia, Sabah dan Sarawak secara serta merta boleh menjadi sebuah negara merdeka dan berdaulat. Ini lah langkah yang telah di ambil oleh Singapura dalam tahun 1965.
Oleh itu apabila kedua-dua profesor tadi berkata bahawa Singapura “dikeluarkan”, “ditendang” atau “disingkirkan” daripada Malaysia, mereka membuat kenyataan salah. Bukti daripada dokumen-dokumen rasmi menunjukkan bahawa Singapura telah meninggalkan Malaysia pada 7 Julai 1965, 2 hari penuh sebelum Rang Undang-undangPemisahan Singapura dibentangkan di Parlimen Malaysia. Ini sebabnya semua ahli PAP (Singapura) kecuali MP Bangsar tidak menghadiri didalam sidang Parlimen tersebut kerana mereka bukan lagi rakyat Malaysia. Rang Undang-undang ini memerlukan tiga bacaan (selalunya hanya dua bacaan) dan telah diluluskan dalam tempoh 4 jam!. Kepantasan kelulusan ini lebih menunjukkan kepada usaha Malaysia untuk “menutup malu” dan bukan untuk “mengeluarkan”,”menendang” atau”menyinkir” Singapura dari Malaysia.
Sekiranya profesor dan pakar penyelidik ini telah melakukan penyelidikan mereka secara menyeluruh sudah tentu mereka menjumpai kenyataan yang dibuat oleh Lord Lansdowne dan perbincangan dalam Hansard Parlimen Malaysia bertarikh 9hb Ogos 1965.
Persendaan Keadilan (Travesty of Justice)
Usaha untuk menafikan hak-hak Sabah dan Sarawak sudah meresap ke semua peringkat masyarakat di Malaysia khususnya mereka yang datang dari Malaya. Contoh terkini dapat di lihat berdasarkan kepada kenyataan yang dibuat oleh Ketua Hakim Negara Malaysia Tun Arifin bin Zakaria, dalam pelancaran buku, “Hak Perlembagaan Sabah dan Sarawak” yang ditulis oleh seorang peguam yang berkerja di Sabah, Sukumaran Venugopal daripada Persatuan Undang-Undang Sabah beliau berkata “Laporan Suruhanjaya Cobbold yang telah diterbitkan pada 1 Ogos 1962 mengandungi kesimpulan sebulat suara bahawa Persekutuan Malaysia adalah yang terbaik demi kepentingan Sabah dan Sarawak”.
Kesimpulan sebulat suara yang dinyatakan oleh Ketua Hakim Negara jelas merujuk kepada kesimpulan Lord Cobbold dalam laporan Suruhanjaya Cobbold di mana beliau berkata bahawa 1/3 daripada penduduk Sabah dan Sarawak menyokong pembentukan Malaysia, 1/3 daripada penduduk Sabah dan Sarawak memberi sokongan tetapi dengan perlindungan yang dipersetujui, dan 1/3 daripada penduduk Sabah dan Sarawak tidak bersetuju untuk membentuk Malaysia. Berdasarkan kepada keputusan ini, Kerajaan British dan Persekutuan Malaya memutuskan bahawa 2/3 daripada penduduk Sabah dan Sarawak menyokong idea membentuk Malaysia. Apa yang mereka tidak mahu orang ramai tahu ialah masa depan rakyat Sabah dan Sarawak sebenarnya telah ditipu oleh British dan Persekutuan Malaya.
Jika Ketua Hakim Negara telah membaca Laporan Suruhanjaya Cobbold beliau sudah tentu tahu bahawa Laporan Suruhanjaya Cobbold hanyalah satu persendaan terhadap keadilan dan tidak seharusnya mengaitkan dirinya dengan perkara seperti ini, kecuali jika beliau adalah sebahagian daripada persendaan ini.
Ketua Hakim Negara sepatutnya tahu bahawa Suruhanjaya Cobbold telah ditubuhkan untuk mendapatkanpandangan rakyat di Sabah dan Sarawak. Suruhanjaya Cobbold bertemu dengan 4,000 penduduk dari Sabah dan Sarawak daripada jumlah penduduk negeri Borneo ini seramai 1.2 juta. Disamping itu, Suruhanjaya Cobbold juga menerima 2,200 memo dan surat daripada rakyat Sabah dan Sarawak. Suruhanjaya Cobbold telah mengumpul pandangan daripada rakyat, yang bermakna tugas mereka bukan untuk mendapatkan pungutan suara atau satu referendum untuk membentuk Persekutuan Malaysia.
Terdapat dilaporkan didalam berita tempatan bahawa lebih daripada 7,000 orang menunjuk perasaan di hadapan di ibu pejabat SUPP di Kucing yang membantah pembentukan Malaysia. Bilangan penunjuk perasaan di Kuching sahaja sudah lebih daripada cukup untuk mengatasi 4,000 orang yang di dakwa oleh Lord Cobbold mereka telah bertemu – Bukti yang cukup berasaskan rekod yang lengkap dengan dokumen-dokumen rasmi dan gambar.
Suruhanjaya Cobbold menyiapkan kerja mereka pada 1 Ogos 1962 dan mengemukakan laporan itu melalui – CMND 1794 kepada kerajaan British dan Persekutuan Malaya. Laporan ini tidak di maklumkan kepada orang ramai sehingga laporan tersebut dituntut secara terbuka oleh Donald Stephen. Laporan Suruhanjaya Cobbold merupakan pelopor kepada pembentukan Laporan Jawatankuasa Antara Kerajaan atau IGC.
Ini sudah jelas bahawa laporan ICG adalah asas dalam merangka Perjanjian Malaysia 1963. Namun, laporan IGC dan Perjanjian Malaysia sahaja tidak boleh meliputi keseluruhan isu menubuhkan Persekutuan yang baru – Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 yang sepatutnya menjadi dokumen hidup. Sudah tentu terdapat masa dimana isu-isu lain mungkin timbul dan ruang untuk rundingan di kalangan pihak yang yang membentuk Malaysia diperlukan. Untuk tujuan ini Artikel 8 telah di peruntukan didalam Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 yang berbunyi:
“Perkara VIII
Kerajaan-kerajaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, Borneo Utara dan Sarawak akan mengambil apa-apa tindakan perundangan, eksekutif atau tindakan lain sebagaimana yang diperlukan untuk melaksanakan jaminan, aku janji dan syor yang terkandung dalam Bab 3, dan Annexes A dan B kepada, Laporan Jawatankuasa antara Kerajaan yang ditandatangani pada 27 Februari, 1963, setakat yang ia tidak dilaksanakan oleh peruntukan nyata Perlembagaan Malaysia.”
Perkara ini dalam Perjanjian Malaysia yang memperuntukan ruang untuk rundingan d kalangan rakan-rakan sebaya, yang bermaksud apabila terdapat isu-isu yang timbul dari kesatuan ini, setiap masalah harus diselesaikan oleh kerajaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, Borneo Utara (Sabah) dan Sarawak secara rundingan dan enakmen yang sesuai luluskan sebagai penyelesaian. Walau bagaimanapun, Malaya tidak pernah membuat apa jua usaha untuk menubuhkan “mekanisme pematuhan” ini (Compliance Mechanism).
Perjanjian Malaysia dan had Perlembagaan Malaysia
Sungguh menyediakan ramai rakyat Sabah dan Sarawak dalam perbincangan mereka di domain awam dan media massa hanya sekadar berdasarkan kepada apa yang mereka baca dan apa yang mereka dengar. Tidak ramai yang sanggup bekerja keras dan menyaring maklumat yang bergunung untuk lebih memahami isu-isu pembentukan Malaysia. Walau bagaimanapun untuk rakyat Sabah dan Sarawak yang berpendidikan dan ingin melihat cerita sebenarnya pembentukan Malaysia, mereka boleh melihat bahawa pembentukan Malaysia adalah lakaran British untuk memberi peluang kepada Malaya menjajah negeri negeri Borneo.
Ini mungkkin sebab nya kebanyakan sarjana Perlembagaan Malaysia cenderung untuk mengkaji laporan Suruhanjaya Reid apabila menganalisis Perlembagaan Malaysia dan tidak mengkaji laporan Jawatankuasa Antara Kerajaan (IGC) dan Perjanjian Malaysia 1963. Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 sebenarnya ibu di mana Perlembagaan Malaysia (Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaya yang di pinda) dilampirkan sebagai Annex A. Kegagalan mereka untuk memahami perlindungan dan kaveat dalam laporan IGC dan dokumen berikutnya Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 mungkin merupakan sebab-sebab ramai dari Malaya tidak memahami bahawa Sabah dan Sarawak adalah TIDAK sama seperti negeri-negeri lain dalam Persekutuan Malaya.
Ramai orang menyangka Perlembagaan Malaysia adalah suratcara Agung (Supreme), namun tidak ramai orang berbincang, menulis atau memahami bahawa Keluhuran Perlembagaan Malaysia adalah terhad oleh Perlindungan dan kaveat yang terkandung dalam laporan IGC dan Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 – perkara ini berlarutan kerana ia kurang dicabar – sila lihat Robert Linggi vs Malaysia Government.
Pindaan keatas Perlembagaan Malaysia dan diluluskan oleh 2/3 ahli di Parlimen, tidak akan afektif di Sabah dan Sarawak, selagi pindaan tersebut diluluskan oleh kerajaan negeri negeri Borneo terutamanya perkara yang menyentuh perlindungan dan kaveat seperti yang diperuntukkan dalam laporan IGC. Tiada Enakmen baru yang menyentuh hak-hak negeri Borneo seperti yang tersenarai didalam Jadual 9 Perlembagaan Malaysia boleh dikuatkuasakan di Sabah dan Sarawak melainkan jika ia diluluskan oleh kerajaan Sabah dan Sarawak. Ini adalah isu-isu yang sering diabaikan oleh sarjana Perlembagaan Malaysia dan mempunyai implikasi yang meluas.
Ambil sebagai contoh, Akta Imigresen 1959/63. Akta ini adalah undang-undang Persekutuan digubal untuk mengawal pergerakan penduduk di Malaysia dan kuasa yang diberikan tersenarai dalam Jadual 9 Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia. Walau bagaimanapun, laporan IGC yang diperincikan untuk melindungi hak-hak orang di negeri negeri Borneo. Akta Imigresen 1959/63 telah menggabungkan kuasa negeri-negeri Borneo ke dalam Akta dari Seksyen 62 sehingga Seksyen 74. Dalam menguatkuasakan undang-undang ini, Pengarah Imigresen di Sabah dan Sarawak tidak mempunyai rekursa apabila diarahkan oleh “Pihak Berkuasa Negeri” untuk menghentikan orang orang tertentu dari dibenarkan memasuki Sabah dan Sarawak. Hakikat bahawa Perkara 5 (1) Perlembagaan Malaysia memperuntukkan pergerakan bebas di Persekutuan tiada kaitan dengannya dengan peruntukan Akta. Ini adalah satu contoh yang jelas had yang dikenakan ke atas Perlembagaan Malaysia oleh laporan IGC dan Perjanjian Malaysia 1963.
Terdapat banyak contoh lain yang boleh dipetik seperti kuasa negeri negeri Borneo keatas Akta Pembangunan Petroleum 1974 disebabkan tanah dan sumber mineral ada lah kuasa mutlak Negeri dan bukannya Persekutuan, tetapi ini akan dibincangkan di masa hadapan.
Zainnal Ajamain
Zainnal Ajamain adalah seorang pakar ekonomi, menamatkan pengajian dengan ijazah Sarjana dari University of East Anglia. Beliau telah memegang beberapa jawatan kanan didalam perkhidmatan awam kerajaan dan ahli fikir kerajaan dan beliau telah bekerja sebagai pensyarah universiti, penyelidik kanan, broker saham, dan ekonomi dan menerbitkan beberapa kertas kerja dalam jurnal media antarabangsa. Beliau merupakan penulis bersama di belakang wawasan Kerajaan Sabah untuk pembangunan dan kemajuan dalam Koridor Pembangunan Sabah. Beliau satu satunya penerbit Dana Islam luar pesisir yang pertama di Labuan. Beliau juga memegang jawatan Felo Penyelidik Kanan di Pusat Remote Sensing dan Sistem Maklumat Geografi di Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Beliau adalah salah seorang Pengasas United Borneo Front (UBF) dan seorang aktivis ingin menghapuskan Dasar Kabotaj. Beliau juga merupakan Setiausaha Agung sebuah parti politik yang baru ditubuhkan di Sabah.
Saturday, August 23, 2014
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Sabah and Sarawak the time-bombs
The more likely scenario is that Sabah and Sarawak, on the other side of the South China Sea, is likely to exit the Malaysian Federation within the next five to 15 years.
The writing is on the wall although Putrajaya has strived to avert or at least delay this inevitability, indefinitely, by not allowing non-Muslims from the Dusun – including Kadazan or urban Dusun and Murut and Dayak communities to be Chief Minister of the respective states.
For added “security”, Putrajaya has turned a blind eye while hordes of impoverished illegal immigrants continue to flood into the two states and enter the electoral rolls by the backdoor.
Different from Penang
Some even postulate that the Umno Government will kick out Penang from Malaysia in the same manner as it did in 1965 with Singapore. This is an unlikely scenario since the number of non-Chinese residents in Penang, especially Malay-speaking communities, equal that of the Chinese. In Singapore, in 1965, the Chinese formed 75 per cent of the island’s population and this figure has relatively changed little since then. It’s a different scenario altogether in Sabah and Sarawak where the demographic make-up doesn’t make a difference.
The increasing possibility that Sabah and Sarawak will quit Malaysia is in fact a continuation of the story of Singapore’s expulsion in 1965 from the Federation and the refusal of Brunei, at the 11th hour, to be a member of the enlarged Federation which emerged from the Federation of Malaya.
Singapore’s exit saw the definition of “Federation” in the Federal Constitution changed to reduce the status of Sabah and Sarawak from being equal partners of the States of Malaya in the collective, as represented by the old Federation of Malaya, to being just one of the many states in the “Federation”.
In short, the Federation of Malaysia ceased to exist in 1965 following Singapore’s exit and the defunct Federation of Malaya re-emerged at the same time to masquerade as the “new” Federation of Malaysia.
The result of this dramatic shift in fortunes has been that the Federal Government refused and/or saw no need to comply with the terms of the 1963 Malaysia Agreement. It was under this Agreement that Sabah and Sarawak agreed, along with Singapore, Brunei (opted out) and Malaya, to form the Federation of Malaysia.
Singapore’s seats were grabbed, so was oil
Singapore’s exit also saw Malaya taking seven of the island’s 15 seats in the Malaysian Parliament instead of all of them going to Sabah and Sarawak.
The arrangement in 1963 was that Malaya should have less than two-thirds of the seats in Parliament in order to ensure that other territories in the Federation – Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei – would have veto power.
Today, Malaya has more than two-thirds of the seats in Parliament – 165 vs 57 including Labuan – vis-Ã -vis Sabah and Sarawak. Hence, the rationale for Sabah and Sarawak to continue to be in the so-called Federation of Malaysia further falls apart.
When push comes to shove the crunch will come when the debate re-opens on the oil royalty for Sabah and Sarawak. A one-sided oil agreement of 1976 sees the Federal Government and Petronas, the national oil corporation, giving only five per cent royalty for oil and gas production from wells in the inner waters – very few and either dry or increasingly drying – and none from the infinitely vast number of wells in the outer waters.
The result has been that Sabah and Sarawak have been reduced over the last nearly 50 years to being the poorest and second poorest states respectively in Malaysia.
Now, even an upward review in the presently measly five per cent will be utterly meaningless if the outer waters are excluded in the calculation.
There also remains the fact that any upward review of the oil royalty would have to be, in all fairness, backdated to 1976 when the virtual theft began, and interest paid on the arrears at the statutory 8 per cent per annum, and compounded yearly.
For how long can they silence Sabah and Sarawak
This is a situation which the Umno-led Federal Government will never accept in a million years since the loot since 1976 has either disappeared into private pockets in Peninsular Malaysia or been squandered away with no thought for tomorrow and future generations.
Malaysia will be bankrupt if Sabah and Sarawak press their legitimate claims on the oil royalty issue. But that doesn’t mean a stalemate on both sides.
The recent examples of Timor Leste, Acheh, and South Sudan – and the continuing issue of Darfur and South Kordofan – all on the oil issue, shows that history and international law is on the side of Sabah and Sarawak.
Timor Leste and South Sudan both became independent through the intervention of the UN Security Council while Acheh gained autonomy. Darfur and South Kordofan are work in progress.
It’s not true that only states can bring applications to the UN Security Council. Any party can do so as illustrated by the application from the Syrian Opposition now under discussion at the UN Security Council. It’s only a matter of time before Sabah and Sarawak bring up their oil and gas reserves at the UN Security Council. Putrajaya cannot continue to squat on Sabah and Sarawak forever.
Now you know why Taib Mahmud and Musa Aman are so powerful
The inevitable result will be the exit of Sabah and Sarawak, the two poorest states, from the so-called Federation of Malaysia. Only independence from Malaysia under UN supervision will enable Sabah and Sarawak to find their true destiny in the international community of nations.
Is it any wonder now, the likes of Sarawk Chief Minister Taib Mahmud and Sabah’s Musa Aman, have been given a free hand in the running of the states, despite a mountain of complaints and blatant evidence of corruption including land-grabbing, timber abuse and rape of indigenous women by workers of crony firms.
Without them to suppress the Sarawak and Sabah people, the two states would have long fled the Federation, unable to withstand the bullying from Umno.
Saturday, August 23, 2014
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Patuhi Perjanjian Malaysia atau bebaskan Borneo, kata Jeffrey Kitingan
Ahli politik Sabah memberi amaran kepada Putrajaya supaya memenuhi Perjanjian Malaysia pada 1963 atau benarkan Sabah dan Sarawak berpisah daripada semenanjung Malaysia.
Ketua Star Sabah, Datuk Dr Jeffrey Kitingan, berkata Sabah dan Sarawak adalah antara negeri yang termiskin dalam negara dan tidak mendapat peruntukan pembangunan yang banyak.
“Pentarafan ke bawah Sabah dan Sarawak sebagai negeri ke-12 dan ke-13 dalam Malaysia bertentangan dengan apa yang dirancang pada 1963 sebagai rakan setaraf.
“Pemerkosaan dan penjarahan berterusan terhadap kekayaan minyak dan sumber Sabah dan Sarawak selain peruntukan pembangunan yang kecil tidak lagi boleh dibiarkan.
“Walaupun pada masa amat diperlukan, rakyat Sabah dan Sarawak dilayan tidak sama adil dengan rakyat Malaysia di semenanjung,” katanya, mengulas tulisan Ketua Hakim Negara, Tun Arifin Zakaria mengenai peranan Sabah dan Sarawak dalam pembentukan Malaysia.
Arifin menulis mengenai perkara itu dalam bukunya yang bertajuk Hak Perlembagaan Sabah dan Sarawak yang dilancarkan baru-baru ini.
“Perjanjian Malaysia perlu dilaksanakan dan dipenuhi.
“Bukan sahaja terma dan syarat pembentukan Malaysia seperti terkandung dalam perjanjian 1963 dan beberapa dokumen serta jaminan lisan dan janji tidak dipenuhi, ada banyak pindaan perlembagaan yang dibuat menghakis hak dan kedudukan Sabah dan Sarawak,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, pemimpin “dua negara perlu fokus dan bercakap dengan satu suara”.
Katanya, pendirian bersama negeri Borneo di Malaysia sepatutnya tidak diletakkan sebarang terma.
“Pendirian lain akan memberikan pemimpin persekutuan Malaya tanggapan yang salah dan andaian bahawa Sabah dan Sarawak tidak serius terhadap tuntutan untuk terma dalam pembentukan Malaysia dipenuhi.
“Mereka akan terus kekal selesa dalam pejabat mereka di Putrajaya dan tidak peduli kepada penduduk Sabah dan Sarawak hingga tiba waktu pilihan raya,” katanya.
Kitingan juga bercakap mengenai janji Perdana Menteri, Datuk Seri Najib Razak yang dibuat kepada rakan gabungan Barisan Nasional (BN) di Sarawak bahawa akan ada rombakan Kabinet selepas Perhimpunan Agung Umno pada awal Disember 2013.
Rombakan itu adalah bagi menyelesaikan rasa tidak puas hati ahli Parlimen dari Sarawak terhadap agihan jawatan menteri selepas pilihan raya umum lalu.
“Najib gagal melakukan rombakan Kabinet,” katanya.
Kitingan mencadangkan bahawa mungkin parti BN Sarawak dengan sokongan Yang Dipertua Negeri baharu, Tan Sri Abdul Taib Mahmud di belakangnya patut meninggalkan BN dan lihat apa yang akan berlaku memandangkan perdana menteri tidak melihat desakan untuk mempertimbangkan kepentingan parti BN di Borneo.
Beliau berkata, jika perkara itu berlaku, tidak mengejutkan jika perdana menteri, timbalan perdana menteri dan pemimpin tinggi di Umno termasuk bekas perdana menteri akan beratur ke Kuching untuk memujuk komponen BN di Sarawak dan gabenor jangan membuang BN.
Kitingan berkata, layanan buruk kepada rakyat Sabah dan Sarawak boleh dilihat menerusi bantuan banjir daripada persekutuan, baru-baru ini.
“Di semenanjung, bantuan tunai dan pelbagai lain dicurahkan daripada pelbagai kementerian dan pihak lain sementara Sabah dan Sarawak terima hampir tidak ada apa-apa daripada kerajaan persekutuan.
“Selepas 50 tahun dilihat sebagai tidak penting dan menjadi mangsa, Perjanjian Malaysia dan semua janji serta jaminan perlu dilaksanakan dan dipenuhi,” katanya.
Kitingan berkata, ada peruntukan untuk menyemak perjanjian itu selepas 10 tahun, tetapi selepas 40 tahun berlalu, tiada apa yang dilakukan.
“Usul untuk membincangkan perkara itu di Parlimen juga ditolak kerana ia dikatakan tidak penting dan tidak mendesak.
“Jika selepas 50 tahun, ia masih tidak mendesak, jangan harap rakyat Sabah dan Sarawak akan menunggu 50 tahun lagi untuk ia jadi penting,” katanya.
Kitingan memberi amaran bahawa rasa tidak puas hati di kalangan rakyat Sabah dan Sarawak kini berada di penghujungnya dan ramai yang mahu Sabah dan Sarawak memilih keluar daripada Malaysia.
“Sentimen mereka kini dipanaskan lagi dengan mereka yang taksub terhadap ultra Melayu dan agama yang asyik berkeras menyatakan Malaysia adalah tanah untuk Melayu dan bangsa lain dihalau keluar,” katanya.
Kitingan berkata, jika Najib serius dengan rancangkan rekonsiliasi nasional, semakan dan pelaksanaan termas dan syarat pembentukan Malaysia perlu disertakan.
“Jika tidak, seperti Singapura pada 1965, pasti ada perpisahan secara persahabatan untuk negeri di Borneo,” katanya. – 6 Mac, 2014.
Saturday, August 23, 2014
18 Points
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20 Points
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Agreement of Malaysia
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Exposing the Truth
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Fact
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Federation of Malaysia 16 September 1963
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Secession
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Sabah dan Sarawak Bebas untuk meninggalkan Persekutuan
Isu pemisahan tidak dimasukkan dalam laporan IGC kerana “mana-mana Negeri secara sukarela memasuki persekutuan mempunyai hak intrinsik untuk menarik diri” Lord Lansdowne Chairman Inter-Government Committee (IGC)
Pandangan yang dikemukakan oleh seorang pakar perlembagaan dan bekas profesor Undang-undang dari Universiti Islam Antarabangsa baru-baru ini adalah boleh diperdebatkan.
Profesor itu mendakwa bahawa Sabah dan Sarawak tidak boleh meninggalkan Malaysia kerana Perkara 2 Perlembagaan Malaysia.
Perkara 2 Perlembagaan Malaysia ini tidak pernah dipinda sejak ia ditulis ke dalam Perlembagaan yang bermaksud bahawa Perkara ini sama dengan apabila Singapura “diusir” dari Malaysia seperti dakwaan beliau pada tahun 1965.
Perkara 2 sama dan masih ada pada hari ini dalam Perlembagaan, tidak dipinda atau diubah apa-apa pun.
Ahli Parlimen Kota Belud dan Menteri Persekutuan menegaskan bahawa bercakap tentang meninggalkan Malaysia adalah berunsur hasutan di bawah undang-undang Malaysia dan Sabah dan Sarawak tidak boleh menarik diri dari Malaysia.
Izinkan saya perjelaskan disini bahawa sesiapa sahaja yang mahu bercakap tentang Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 tanpa membaca buku asas berikut akan menunjukkan kebodohan mereka sendiri:
The Cobbold Commission Report 1962
The Inter-Government Committee Report (IGC) 1963
The Malaysia Agreement 1963
Terdapat dua perkara yang semua orang mesti tahu dari laporan IGC. Pertama, IGC tempat lima parti politik dari Sabah menyerahkan memorandum mereka pada 29 Ogos 1962.
Pada hari ini memorandum ini dikenali sebagai 20 Perkara. 20 Perkara adalah memorandum dan bukan “perjanjian” seperti yang ditegaskan oleh Menteri Persekutuan tadi.
Sebagai memorandum dokumen 20 Perkara ini telah diserahkan kepada IGC untuk dipertimbangkan oleh ahli-ahli jawatankuasa tersebut.
IGC telah diketuai oleh Lord Lansdowne Menteri Negara British bagi Hal Ehwal Tanah Jajahan.
Tugasnya adalah “untuk menyediakan perlembagaan akan datang, termasuk perlindungan untuk kepentingan khas Borneo Utara dan Sarawak untuk menampung perkara-perkara seperti kebebasan beragama, pendidikan, perwakilan di Parlimen Persekutuan, kedudukan penduduk asli, kawalan imigresen, kewarganegaraan dan Perlembagaan Negeri”
Oleh itu, perisian memorandum 20 Perkara telah dimasukkan ke dalam laporan IGC. Laporan IGC mempunyai 37 Perkara dan TIDAK hanya sekadar 20 Perkara.
Pemisahan bukan hasutan
Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, laporan IGC adalah rangka kerja untuk menggubal Perjanjian Malaysia 1963.
IGC BUKAN Perjanjian Malaysia 1963. Ia hanya laporan dan diterima oleh kerajaan Great Britian, Persekutuan Malaya, Sabah dan Sarawak.
IGC mempunyai fungsi sama dengan Suruhanjaya Reid yang merangka Perlembagaan bagi Persekutuan Malaya. Laporan IGC telah diterima dan ditandatangani pada Feb 27, 1963 oleh United Kingdom, Borneo Utara, Persekutuan Malaya dan Sarawak.
Kedua, memorandum 20 Perkara yang dikemukakan oleh lima parti politik Sabah mengandungi fasal pemisahan yang merupakan Perkara No 7.
Dalam fasal ini telah dinyatakan bahawa tidak boleh hak pemisahan yang bermaksud bahawa Sabah tidak boleh menarik diri dari Malaysia.
Walau bagaimanapun, isu pemisahan tidak dimasukkan dalam laporan IGC.
Alasan yang diberikan oleh Lord Lansdowne bahawa “mana-mana Negeri secara sukarela memasuki persekutuan mempunyai hak intrinsik untuk menarik diri pada bila bila masa, oleh itu perkara ini tidak perlu untuk memasukkannya ke dalam Perlembagaan”.
Maksudnya Sabah dan Sarawak adalah bebas membentuk Malaysia, oleh itu ia juga bebas untuk meninggalkan Malaysia.
Sabah dan Sarawak tidak perlu mendapat persetujuan daripada setiap negeri untuk meninggalkan Malaysia. Sabah dan Sarawak tidak memerlukan sokongan Majlis Raja-Raja untuk meninggalkan Malaysia.
Sabah dan Sarawak hanya perlu meluluskan satu resolusi dalam masing-Dewan Undangan Negeri masing masing untuk mereka meninggalkan Malaysia dan Sabah dan Sarawak akan menjadi sebuah negara yang merdeka dan berdaulat.
Saya harap penjelasan di atas sudah mencukupi untuk membersihkan sebarang kekeliruan tentang kandungan dan penggunaan istilah yang berkaitan dengan Perjanjian Malaysia 1963.
Sungguh memalukan untuk melihat, membaca dan mendengar Menteri, Profesor dan orang ramai bercakap tentang pembentukan Malaysia tanpa mereka benar-benar mengetahui apa subjek yang mereka nyatakan
Tiada terdapat apa-apa bentuk hasutan apabila membincangkan mengenai pemisahan. Ini adalah isu-isu nyata berdasarkan laporan IGC, Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 dan selepas lima dekad membentuk Malaysia.
Ini adalah pilihan rakyat di Sabah dan Sarawak dan untuk mengelakkan mereka dari membincangkan perkara ini, pihak kerajaan hanya perlu memenuhi kewajipan mereka seperti yang telah dijanjikan “tidak lebih, dan tidak kurang.”
Zainnal Ajamain
Zainnal Ajamain adalah seorang pakar ekonomi, menamatkan pengajian dengan ijazah Sarjana dari University of East Anglia. Beliau telah memegang beberapa jawatan kanan didalam perkhidmatan awam kerajaan dan ahli fikir kerajaan dan beliau telah bekerja sebagai pensyarah universiti, penyelidik kanan, broker saham, dan ekonomi dan menerbitkan beberapa kertas kerja dalam jurnal media antarabangsa. Beliau merupakan penulis bersama di belakang wawasan Kerajaan Sabah untuk pembangunan dan kemajuan dalam Koridor Pembangunan Sabah. Beliau satu satunya penerbit Dana Islam luar pesisir yang pertama di Labuan. Beliau juga memegang jawatan Felo Penyelidik Kanan di Pusat Remote Sensing dan Sistem Maklumat Geografi di Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Beliau adalah salah seorang Pengasas United Borneo Front (UBF) dan seorang aktivis ingin menghapuskan Dasar Kabotaj. Beliau juga merupakan Setiausaha Agung sebuah parti politik yang baru ditubuhkan di Sabah







